An Assessment Framework for the Technological and Operational Gap in LATAM Industries

The transition from Industry 4.0 to Industry 5.0 marks a paradigm shift that transcends the technocentric focus on efficiency to integrate sustainability, resilience, and human-centricity. However, the adoption of this model in regions with heterogeneous technological maturity, such as Latin America (LATAM), faces significant structural barriers. This study proposes the design of a "Security 5.0 Characterization Matrix," a theoretical instrument that intersects the pillars of Industry 5.0 with a novel security triad (functional, informational, and humanized). Through a systematic literature review, critical requirements for evaluating industrial readiness are identified, offering a roadmap to mitigate emerging risks in the convergence of human-machine systems.