Resignifying the Trauma of growing up under repression: visual culture, gender, and memory in South America (1980–1988) Ressignificar o trauma de crescer sob a repressão: Cultura visual, gênero e memória na América do Sul (1980–1988) Resignificar el trauma de crecer en represión: Cultura visual, género y memoria en Sudamérica(1980–1988)

This article analyzes how the punk movement in South America (1980–1988) functioned as a visual counterculture that elaborated the generational trauma of growing up under dictatorships and authoritarian democracies. Drawing on historical materialism and cultural criticism, it explores two distinct strands of punk: that of the Southern Cone, more symbolic and performative; and the northern one, more direct and embodied. Through album covers, performances, and dissident aesthetics, the article shows how punk constructed new gendered and memorial sensibilities, challenging the symbolic order imposed by authoritarianism from the margins.