TY - JOUR
T1 - The environmentalization of mining in Colombia, Chile, and Peru
T2 - A comparative analysis of green state formation
AU - Orihuela, José Carlos
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2020
PY - 2021/12
Y1 - 2021/12
N2 - The environmentalization of mining is similar but different in Colombia, Chile, and Peru, and adopting an embeddedness theory framework helps to explain this. Green state formation diffuses because the international political economy demands so: world society embeds the economy and pushes for environmental rights, which leads to trade rules. However, particular institutional and ecological contexts shape the development of distinct varieties of state greening. In particular, the 1970s and 1990s junctures were windows of opportunity for diverse green state formation processes, conditioned by their respective national contexts: there was an early start with decentralized features in Colombia, a late beginning and constrained state formation in Chile, and very late and mostly legal progress in Peru. Environmentalization is highly idiosyncratic, characterized by policy and law progressivism in Colombia, neoliberal technocraticism in Chile, and lawmaking with the lowest bureaucratic autonomy in Peru. Mining being so powerful, its environmental impacts so complex, and green state formation so restricted or minimal, the environmentalization of mining appears formal and discursive for the most part, especially in Peru's weak state.
AB - The environmentalization of mining is similar but different in Colombia, Chile, and Peru, and adopting an embeddedness theory framework helps to explain this. Green state formation diffuses because the international political economy demands so: world society embeds the economy and pushes for environmental rights, which leads to trade rules. However, particular institutional and ecological contexts shape the development of distinct varieties of state greening. In particular, the 1970s and 1990s junctures were windows of opportunity for diverse green state formation processes, conditioned by their respective national contexts: there was an early start with decentralized features in Colombia, a late beginning and constrained state formation in Chile, and very late and mostly legal progress in Peru. Environmentalization is highly idiosyncratic, characterized by policy and law progressivism in Colombia, neoliberal technocraticism in Chile, and lawmaking with the lowest bureaucratic autonomy in Peru. Mining being so powerful, its environmental impacts so complex, and green state formation so restricted or minimal, the environmentalization of mining appears formal and discursive for the most part, especially in Peru's weak state.
KW - Andes
KW - Comparative political economy
KW - Embeddedness
KW - Environmentalization
KW - Institutions
KW - State
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85097128228&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.exis.2020.10.012
DO - 10.1016/j.exis.2020.10.012
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85097128228
SN - 2214-790X
VL - 8
JO - Extractive Industries and Society
JF - Extractive Industries and Society
IS - 4
M1 - 100829
ER -