Performing citizenship: Migration, andean festivals, and public spaces in Lima

In the 1990s, political demonstrations were no longer held in downtown Lima, especially at the Plaza Mayor, which was not reclaimed by civil society until 2000 during the movement to bring down Alberto Fujimori. The absence of demonstrations reflected the control over the internal war achieved by Fujimori's civil dictatorship, as well as a process of "depoliticization of politics" (Comaroff and Comaroff 2001) promoted by his government. Fujimori's 1990 campaign slogan was "Honesty, Technology, and Work," which he dramatically applied in 1992 when he shut down the congress on the grounds that the political class had proven itself inefficient and ought to be replaced by the regime's new generation of technocrats.