Happiness around the world: A combined etic-emic approach across 63 countries

Gwendolyn Gardiner; Daniel Lee; Erica Baranski; David Funder; Maite Beramendi; Brock Bastian; Aljoscha Neubauer; Filip De Fruyt; Diego Cortez; Eric Roth; Ana Torres; Daniela S. Zanini; Kristina Petkova; Jessica Tracy; Catherine Amiot; Mathieu Pelletier-Dumas; Roberto González; Ana Rosenbluth; Sergio Salgado; Yanjun Guan; Yu Yang; Diego Forero; Andrés Camargo; Željko Jerneić; Martina Hřebíčková; Sylvie Graf; Pernille Strobak; Anu Realo; Maja Becker; Christelle Maisonneuve; Sofian El-Astal; Vladimer Lado Gamsakhurdi; Matthias Ziegler; Lars Penke; John Rauthmann; Emmanouil Papastefanakis; Georgios Kritsotakis; Irene Spyridaki; Evangelia Fragkiadaki; Emma E. Buchtel; Victoria Wai Lan Yeung; Ágota Kun; Peter Gadanecz; Zoltán Vass; Máté Smohai; Anagha Lavalekar; Meta Zahro Aurelia; Dian Kinayung; Vanessa Gaffar; Gavin Sullivan; Christopher Day; Eyal Rechter; Augusto Gnisci; Ida Sergi; Vincenzo Paolo Senese; Marco Perugini; Giulio Costantini; Asuka Komiya; Tatsuya Sato; Yuki Nakata; Shizuka Kawamoto; Marwan Al-Zoubi; Nicholas Owsley; Chaning Jang; Georgina Mburu; Irene Ngina; Girts Dimdins; Rasa Barkauskiene; Alfredas Laurinavicius; Marijana Markovikj; Eleonora Serafimovska; Khairul A. Mastor; Elliott Kruse; Nairán Ramírez-Esparza; Jaap J.A. Denissen; Marcel Van Aken; Ronald Fischer; Ike E. Onyishi; Kalu T. Ogba; Siri Leknes; Vera Waldal Holen; Ingelin Hansen; Christian K. Tamnes; Kaia Klava; Muhammad Rizwan; Rukhsana Kausar; Nashi Khan; Agustín Espinosa; Maria Cecilia Gastardo-Conaco; Diwa Malaya A. Quinones; Piotr Szarota; Paweł Izdebski; Martyna Kotyśko; Joana Henriques-Calado; Florin Alin Sava; Olga Lvova; Victoria Pogrebitskaya; Mikhail Allakhverdov; Sergey Manichev; Oumar Barry; Petar ÄŒoloviÄ‡; SneÅ¾ana Smederevac; DuÅ¡anka MitroviÄ‡; Milan OljaÄ a; Ryan Hong; Peter Halama; Janek Musek; Francois De Kock; Gyuseog Han; Eunkook M. Suh; Soyeon Choi; Luis Oceja; Sergio Villar; David Gallardo-Pujol; Zoltan Kekecs; Nils Arlinghaus; Daniel P. Johnson; Alice Kathryn O'Donnell; Janina Larissa BÃ¼hler; Clara Kulich; Fabio Lorenzi-Cioldi; Mathias Allemand; Yen Ping Chang; Weifang Lin; Watcharaporn Boonyasiriwat; Adil Saribay; Oya Somer; Pelin Karakus Akalin; Peter Kakubeire Baguma; Alexander Vinogradov; Larisa Zhuravlova; Jason Rentfrow; Mark Conner; Alexa Tullett; Douglas E. Colman; Joey T. Cheng; Eric Stocks; Huyen Thi Thu Bui

Happiness around the world: A combined etic-emic approach across 63 countries

Gwendolyn Gardiner, Daniel Lee, Erica Baranski, David Funder, Maite Beramendi, Brock Bastian, Aljoscha Neubauer, Filip De Fruyt, Diego Cortez, Eric Roth, Ana Torres, Daniela S. Zanini, Kristina Petkova, Jessica Tracy, Catherine Amiot, Mathieu Pelletier-Dumas, Roberto González, Ana Rosenbluth, Sergio Salgado, Yanjun GuanYu Yang, Diego Forero, Andrés Camargo, Željko Jerneić, Martina Hřebíčková, Sylvie Graf, Pernille Strobak, Anu Realo, Maja Becker, Christelle Maisonneuve, Sofian El-Astal, Vladimer Lado Gamsakhurdi, Matthias Ziegler, Lars Penke, John Rauthmann, Emmanouil Papastefanakis, Georgios Kritsotakis, Irene Spyridaki, Evangelia Fragkiadaki, Emma E. Buchtel, Victoria Wai Lan Yeung, Ágota Kun, Peter Gadanecz, Zoltán Vass, Máté Smohai, Anagha Lavalekar, Meta Zahro Aurelia, Dian Kinayung, Vanessa Gaffar, Gavin Sullivan, Christopher Day, Eyal Rechter, Augusto Gnisci, Ida Sergi, Vincenzo Paolo Senese, Marco Perugini, Giulio Costantini, Asuka Komiya, Tatsuya Sato, Yuki Nakata, Shizuka Kawamoto, Marwan Al-Zoubi, Nicholas Owsley, Chaning Jang, Georgina Mburu, Irene Ngina, Girts Dimdins, Rasa Barkauskiene, Alfredas Laurinavicius, Marijana Markovikj, Eleonora Serafimovska, Khairul A. Mastor, Elliott Kruse, Nairán Ramírez-Esparza, Jaap J.A. Denissen, Marcel Van Aken, Ronald Fischer, Ike E. Onyishi, Kalu T. Ogba, Siri Leknes, Vera Waldal Holen, Ingelin Hansen, Christian K. Tamnes, Kaia Klava, Muhammad Rizwan, Rukhsana Kausar, Nashi Khan, Agustín Espinosa, Maria Cecilia Gastardo-Conaco, Diwa Malaya A. Quinones, Piotr Szarota, Paweł Izdebski, Martyna Kotyśko, Joana Henriques-Calado, Florin Alin Sava, Olga Lvova, Victoria Pogrebitskaya, Mikhail Allakhverdov, Sergey Manichev, Oumar Barry, Petar ÄŒoloviÄ‡, SneÅ¾ana Smederevac, DuÅ¡anka MitroviÄ‡, Milan OljaÄ a, Ryan Hong, Peter Halama, Janek Musek, Francois De Kock, Gyuseog Han, Eunkook M. Suh, Soyeon Choi, Luis Oceja, Sergio Villar, David Gallardo-Pujol, Zoltan Kekecs, Nils Arlinghaus, Daniel P. Johnson, Alice Kathryn O'Donnell, Janina Larissa BÃ¼hler, Clara Kulich, Fabio Lorenzi-Cioldi, Mathias Allemand, Yen Ping Chang, Weifang Lin, Watcharaporn Boonyasiriwat, Adil Saribay, Oya Somer, Pelin Karakus Akalin, Peter Kakubeire Baguma, Alexander Vinogradov, Larisa Zhuravlova, Jason Rentfrow, Mark Conner, Alexa Tullett, Douglas E. Colman, Joey T. Cheng, Eric Stocks, Huyen Thi Thu Bui

Sección de Psicología

Producción científica: Contribución a una revista › Artículo › revisión exhaustiva

39 Citas (Scopus)

Resumen

What does it mean to be happy? The vast majority of cross-cultural studies on happiness have employed a Western-origin, or "WEIRD" measure of happiness that conceptualizes it as a self-centered (or "independent"), high-arousal emotion. However, research from Eastern cultures, particularly Japan, conceptualizes happiness as including an interpersonal aspect emphasizing harmony and connectedness to others. Following a combined emicetic approach (Cheung, van de Vijver & Leong, 2011), we assessed the cross-cultural applicability of a measure of independent happiness developed in the US (Subjective Happiness Scale; Lyubomirsky & Lepper, 1999) and a measure of interdependent happiness developed in Japan (Interdependent Happiness Scale; Hitokoto & Uchida, 2015), with data from 63 countries representing 7 sociocultural regions. Results indicate that the schema of independent happiness was more coherent in more WEIRD countries. In contrast, the coherence of interdependent happiness was unrelated to a country's "WEIRD-ness." Reliabilities of both happiness measures were lowest in African and Middle Eastern countries, suggesting these two conceptualizations of happiness may not be globally comprehensive. Overall, while the two measures had many similar correlates and properties, the self-focused concept of independent happiness is "WEIRD-er" than interdependent happiness, suggesting cross-cultural researchers should attend to both conceptualizations.

Idioma original	Español
Publicación	PLoS ONE
Volumen	15
Estado	Publicada - 1 dic. 2020

Citar esto

Gardiner, G., Lee, D., Baranski, E., Funder, D., Beramendi, M., Bastian, B., Neubauer, A., De Fruyt, F., Cortez, D., Roth, E., Torres, A., Zanini, D. S., Petkova, K., Tracy, J., Amiot, C., Pelletier-Dumas, M., González, R., Rosenbluth, A., Salgado, S., ... Bui, H. T. T. (2020). Happiness around the world: A combined etic-emic approach across 63 countries. PLoS ONE, 15.

@article{e60ef0175a6d46719b54b810c24ab30b,

title = "Happiness around the world: A combined etic-emic approach across 63 countries",

abstract = "What does it mean to be happy? The vast majority of cross-cultural studies on happiness have employed a Western-origin, or {"}WEIRD{"} measure of happiness that conceptualizes it as a self-centered (or {"}independent{"}), high-arousal emotion. However, research from Eastern cultures, particularly Japan, conceptualizes happiness as including an interpersonal aspect emphasizing harmony and connectedness to others. Following a combined emicetic approach (Cheung, van de Vijver \& Leong, 2011), we assessed the cross-cultural applicability of a measure of independent happiness developed in the US (Subjective Happiness Scale; Lyubomirsky \& Lepper, 1999) and a measure of interdependent happiness developed in Japan (Interdependent Happiness Scale; Hitokoto \& Uchida, 2015), with data from 63 countries representing 7 sociocultural regions. Results indicate that the schema of independent happiness was more coherent in more WEIRD countries. In contrast, the coherence of interdependent happiness was unrelated to a country's {"}WEIRD-ness.{"} Reliabilities of both happiness measures were lowest in African and Middle Eastern countries, suggesting these two conceptualizations of happiness may not be globally comprehensive. Overall, while the two measures had many similar correlates and properties, the self-focused concept of independent happiness is {"}WEIRD-er{"} than interdependent happiness, suggesting cross-cultural researchers should attend to both conceptualizations.",

author = "Gwendolyn Gardiner and Daniel Lee and Erica Baranski and David Funder and Maite Beramendi and Brock Bastian and Aljoscha Neubauer and \{De Fruyt\}, Filip and Diego Cortez and Eric Roth and Ana Torres and Zanini, \{Daniela S.\} and Kristina Petkova and Jessica Tracy and Catherine Amiot and Mathieu Pelletier-Dumas and Roberto Gonz{\'a}lez and Ana Rosenbluth and Sergio Salgado and Yanjun Guan and Yu Yang and Diego Forero and Andr{\'e}s Camargo and {\v Z}eljko Jernei{\'c} and Martina H{\v r}eb{\'i}{\v c}kov{\'a} and Sylvie Graf and Pernille Strobak and Anu Realo and Maja Becker and Christelle Maisonneuve and Sofian El-Astal and Gamsakhurdi, \{Vladimer Lado\} and Matthias Ziegler and Lars Penke and John Rauthmann and Emmanouil Papastefanakis and Georgios Kritsotakis and Irene Spyridaki and Evangelia Fragkiadaki and Buchtel, \{Emma E.\} and Yeung, \{Victoria Wai Lan\} and {\'A}gota Kun and Peter Gadanecz and Zolt{\'a}n Vass and M{\'a}t{\'e} Smohai and Anagha Lavalekar and Aurelia, \{Meta Zahro\} and Dian Kinayung and Vanessa Gaffar and Gavin Sullivan and Christopher Day and Eyal Rechter and Augusto Gnisci and Ida Sergi and Senese, \{Vincenzo Paolo\} and Marco Perugini and Giulio Costantini and Asuka Komiya and Tatsuya Sato and Yuki Nakata and Shizuka Kawamoto and Marwan Al-Zoubi and Nicholas Owsley and Chaning Jang and Georgina Mburu and Irene Ngina and Girts Dimdins and Rasa Barkauskiene and Alfredas Laurinavicius and Marijana Markovikj and Eleonora Serafimovska and Mastor, \{Khairul A.\} and Elliott Kruse and Nair{\'a}n Ram{\'i}rez-Esparza and Denissen, \{Jaap J.A.\} and \{Van Aken\}, Marcel and Ronald Fischer and Onyishi, \{Ike E.\} and Ogba, \{Kalu T.\} and Siri Leknes and Holen, \{Vera Waldal\} and Ingelin Hansen and Tamnes, \{Christian K.\} and Kaia Klava and Muhammad Rizwan and Rukhsana Kausar and Nashi Khan and Agust{\'i}n Espinosa and Gastardo-Conaco, \{Maria Cecilia\} and Quinones, \{Diwa Malaya A.\} and Piotr Szarota and Pawe{\l} Izdebski and Martyna Koty{\'s}ko and Joana Henriques-Calado and Sava, \{Florin Alin\} and Olga Lvova and Victoria Pogrebitskaya and Mikhail Allakhverdov and Sergey Manichev and Oumar Barry and Petar {\"A}{\OE}olovi{\"A}‡ and Sne{\AA}¾ana Smederevac and Du{\AA}¡anka Mitrovi{\"A}‡ and \{Olja{\"A} a\}, Milan and Ryan Hong and Peter Halama and Janek Musek and \{De Kock\}, Francois and Gyuseog Han and Suh, \{Eunkook M.\} and Soyeon Choi and Luis Oceja and Sergio Villar and David Gallardo-Pujol and Zoltan Kekecs and Nils Arlinghaus and Johnson, \{Daniel P.\} and O'Donnell, \{Alice Kathryn\} and B{\~A}¼hler, \{Janina Larissa\} and Clara Kulich and Fabio Lorenzi-Cioldi and Mathias Allemand and Chang, \{Yen Ping\} and Weifang Lin and Watcharaporn Boonyasiriwat and Adil Saribay and Oya Somer and Akalin, \{Pelin Karakus\} and Baguma, \{Peter Kakubeire\} and Alexander Vinogradov and Larisa Zhuravlova and Jason Rentfrow and Mark Conner and Alexa Tullett and Colman, \{Douglas E.\} and Cheng, \{Joey T.\} and Eric Stocks and Bui, \{Huyen Thi Thu\}",

year = "2020",

month = dec,

day = "1",

language = "Espa{\~n}ol",

volume = "15",

journal = "PLoS ONE",

issn = "1932-6203",

}

Gardiner, G, Lee, D, Baranski, E, Funder, D, Beramendi, M, Bastian, B, Neubauer, A, De Fruyt, F, Cortez, D, Roth, E, Torres, A, Zanini, DS, Petkova, K, Tracy, J, Amiot, C, Pelletier-Dumas, M, González, R, Rosenbluth, A, Salgado, S, Guan, Y, Yang, Y, Forero, D, Camargo, A, Jerneić, Ž, Hřebíčková, M, Graf, S, Strobak, P, Realo, A, Becker, M, Maisonneuve, C, El-Astal, S, Gamsakhurdi, VL, Ziegler, M, Penke, L, Rauthmann, J, Papastefanakis, E, Kritsotakis, G, Spyridaki, I, Fragkiadaki, E, Buchtel, EE, Yeung, VWL, Kun, Á, Gadanecz, P, Vass, Z, Smohai, M, Lavalekar, A, Aurelia, MZ, Kinayung, D, Gaffar, V, Sullivan, G, Day, C, Rechter, E, Gnisci, A, Sergi, I, Senese, VP, Perugini, M, Costantini, G, Komiya, A, Sato, T, Nakata, Y, Kawamoto, S, Al-Zoubi, M, Owsley, N, Jang, C, Mburu, G, Ngina, I, Dimdins, G, Barkauskiene, R, Laurinavicius, A, Markovikj, M, Serafimovska, E, Mastor, KA, Kruse, E, Ramírez-Esparza, N, Denissen, JJA, Van Aken, M, Fischer, R, Onyishi, IE, Ogba, KT, Leknes, S, Holen, VW, Hansen, I, Tamnes, CK, Klava, K, Rizwan, M, Kausar, R, Khan, N, Espinosa, A, Gastardo-Conaco, MC, Quinones, DMA, Szarota, P, Izdebski, P, Kotyśko, M, Henriques-Calado, J, Sava, FA, Lvova, O, Pogrebitskaya, V, Allakhverdov, M, Manichev, S, Barry, O, ÄŒoloviÄ‡, P, Smederevac, S, MitroviÄ‡, D, OljaÄ a, M, Hong, R, Halama, P, Musek, J, De Kock, F, Han, G, Suh, EM, Choi, S, Oceja, L, Villar, S, Gallardo-Pujol, D, Kekecs, Z, Arlinghaus, N, Johnson, DP, O'Donnell, AK, BÃ¼hler, JL, Kulich, C, Lorenzi-Cioldi, F, Allemand, M, Chang, YP, Lin, W, Boonyasiriwat, W, Saribay, A, Somer, O, Akalin, PK, Baguma, PK, Vinogradov, A, Zhuravlova, L, Rentfrow, J, Conner, M, Tullett, A, Colman, DE, Cheng, JT, Stocks, E & Bui, HTT 2020, 'Happiness around the world: A combined etic-emic approach across 63 countries', PLoS ONE, vol. 15.

TY - JOUR

T1 - Happiness around the world: A combined etic-emic approach across 63 countries

AU - Gardiner, Gwendolyn

AU - Lee, Daniel

AU - Baranski, Erica

AU - Funder, David

AU - Beramendi, Maite

AU - Bastian, Brock

AU - Neubauer, Aljoscha

AU - De Fruyt, Filip

AU - Cortez, Diego

AU - Roth, Eric

AU - Torres, Ana

AU - Zanini, Daniela S.

AU - Petkova, Kristina

AU - Tracy, Jessica

AU - Amiot, Catherine

AU - Pelletier-Dumas, Mathieu

AU - González, Roberto

AU - Rosenbluth, Ana

AU - Salgado, Sergio

AU - Guan, Yanjun

AU - Yang, Yu

AU - Forero, Diego

AU - Camargo, Andrés

AU - Jerneić, Željko

AU - Hřebíčková, Martina

AU - Graf, Sylvie

AU - Strobak, Pernille

AU - Realo, Anu

AU - Becker, Maja

AU - Maisonneuve, Christelle

AU - El-Astal, Sofian

AU - Gamsakhurdi, Vladimer Lado

AU - Ziegler, Matthias

AU - Penke, Lars

AU - Rauthmann, John

AU - Papastefanakis, Emmanouil

AU - Kritsotakis, Georgios

AU - Spyridaki, Irene

AU - Fragkiadaki, Evangelia

AU - Buchtel, Emma E.

AU - Yeung, Victoria Wai Lan

AU - Kun, Ágota

AU - Gadanecz, Peter

AU - Vass, Zoltán

AU - Smohai, Máté

AU - Lavalekar, Anagha

AU - Aurelia, Meta Zahro

AU - Kinayung, Dian

AU - Gaffar, Vanessa

AU - Sullivan, Gavin

AU - Day, Christopher

AU - Rechter, Eyal

AU - Gnisci, Augusto

AU - Sergi, Ida

AU - Senese, Vincenzo Paolo

AU - Perugini, Marco

AU - Costantini, Giulio

AU - Komiya, Asuka

AU - Sato, Tatsuya

AU - Nakata, Yuki

AU - Kawamoto, Shizuka

AU - Al-Zoubi, Marwan

AU - Owsley, Nicholas

AU - Jang, Chaning

AU - Mburu, Georgina

AU - Ngina, Irene

AU - Dimdins, Girts

AU - Barkauskiene, Rasa

AU - Laurinavicius, Alfredas

AU - Markovikj, Marijana

AU - Serafimovska, Eleonora

AU - Mastor, Khairul A.

AU - Kruse, Elliott

AU - Ramírez-Esparza, Nairán

AU - Denissen, Jaap J.A.

AU - Van Aken, Marcel

AU - Fischer, Ronald

AU - Onyishi, Ike E.

AU - Ogba, Kalu T.

AU - Leknes, Siri

AU - Holen, Vera Waldal

AU - Hansen, Ingelin

AU - Tamnes, Christian K.

AU - Klava, Kaia

AU - Rizwan, Muhammad

AU - Kausar, Rukhsana

AU - Khan, Nashi

AU - Espinosa, Agustín

AU - Gastardo-Conaco, Maria Cecilia

AU - Quinones, Diwa Malaya A.

AU - Szarota, Piotr

AU - Izdebski, Paweł

AU - Kotyśko, Martyna

AU - Henriques-Calado, Joana

AU - Sava, Florin Alin

AU - Lvova, Olga

AU - Pogrebitskaya, Victoria

AU - Allakhverdov, Mikhail

AU - Manichev, Sergey

AU - Barry, Oumar

AU - ÄŒoloviÄ‡, Petar

AU - Smederevac, SneÅ¾ana

AU - MitroviÄ‡, DuÅ¡anka

AU - OljaÄ a, Milan

AU - Hong, Ryan

AU - Halama, Peter

AU - Musek, Janek

AU - De Kock, Francois

AU - Han, Gyuseog

AU - Suh, Eunkook M.

AU - Choi, Soyeon

AU - Oceja, Luis

AU - Villar, Sergio

AU - Gallardo-Pujol, David

AU - Kekecs, Zoltan

AU - Arlinghaus, Nils

AU - Johnson, Daniel P.

AU - O'Donnell, Alice Kathryn

AU - BÃ¼hler, Janina Larissa

AU - Kulich, Clara

AU - Lorenzi-Cioldi, Fabio

AU - Allemand, Mathias

AU - Chang, Yen Ping

AU - Lin, Weifang

AU - Boonyasiriwat, Watcharaporn

AU - Saribay, Adil

AU - Somer, Oya

AU - Akalin, Pelin Karakus

AU - Baguma, Peter Kakubeire

AU - Vinogradov, Alexander

AU - Zhuravlova, Larisa

AU - Rentfrow, Jason

AU - Conner, Mark

AU - Tullett, Alexa

AU - Colman, Douglas E.

AU - Cheng, Joey T.

AU - Stocks, Eric

AU - Bui, Huyen Thi Thu

PY - 2020/12/1

Y1 - 2020/12/1

N2 - What does it mean to be happy? The vast majority of cross-cultural studies on happiness have employed a Western-origin, or "WEIRD" measure of happiness that conceptualizes it as a self-centered (or "independent"), high-arousal emotion. However, research from Eastern cultures, particularly Japan, conceptualizes happiness as including an interpersonal aspect emphasizing harmony and connectedness to others. Following a combined emicetic approach (Cheung, van de Vijver & Leong, 2011), we assessed the cross-cultural applicability of a measure of independent happiness developed in the US (Subjective Happiness Scale; Lyubomirsky & Lepper, 1999) and a measure of interdependent happiness developed in Japan (Interdependent Happiness Scale; Hitokoto & Uchida, 2015), with data from 63 countries representing 7 sociocultural regions. Results indicate that the schema of independent happiness was more coherent in more WEIRD countries. In contrast, the coherence of interdependent happiness was unrelated to a country's "WEIRD-ness." Reliabilities of both happiness measures were lowest in African and Middle Eastern countries, suggesting these two conceptualizations of happiness may not be globally comprehensive. Overall, while the two measures had many similar correlates and properties, the self-focused concept of independent happiness is "WEIRD-er" than interdependent happiness, suggesting cross-cultural researchers should attend to both conceptualizations.

AB - What does it mean to be happy? The vast majority of cross-cultural studies on happiness have employed a Western-origin, or "WEIRD" measure of happiness that conceptualizes it as a self-centered (or "independent"), high-arousal emotion. However, research from Eastern cultures, particularly Japan, conceptualizes happiness as including an interpersonal aspect emphasizing harmony and connectedness to others. Following a combined emicetic approach (Cheung, van de Vijver & Leong, 2011), we assessed the cross-cultural applicability of a measure of independent happiness developed in the US (Subjective Happiness Scale; Lyubomirsky & Lepper, 1999) and a measure of interdependent happiness developed in Japan (Interdependent Happiness Scale; Hitokoto & Uchida, 2015), with data from 63 countries representing 7 sociocultural regions. Results indicate that the schema of independent happiness was more coherent in more WEIRD countries. In contrast, the coherence of interdependent happiness was unrelated to a country's "WEIRD-ness." Reliabilities of both happiness measures were lowest in African and Middle Eastern countries, suggesting these two conceptualizations of happiness may not be globally comprehensive. Overall, while the two measures had many similar correlates and properties, the self-focused concept of independent happiness is "WEIRD-er" than interdependent happiness, suggesting cross-cultural researchers should attend to both conceptualizations.

M3 - Artículo

SN - 1932-6203

VL - 15

JO - PLoS ONE

JF - PLoS ONE

ER -