EVALUATION OF PATTERNS OF CLIMATIC DRIVERS; TROPICAL SYSTEMS AND THE EL NIÑO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION, IN THE GENERATION OF EXTREME PRECIPITATIONS, (CASE NORTHERN PERU)

In the 2017th year, extreme rainfall occurred in the Northern Zone of Peru, generating one hundred thousand victims, the worst climatic tragedy experienced since the 1990s. This climatic event was attributed to the occurrence of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO); nevertheless, the values of the Oceanic Niño Index "ONI", did not show signs of sea surface temperature anomalies. The main objective of this research is to determine the source of this Meteorological Phenomena. The methodology includes the use of the “ONI index” to analyze the Pacific Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies (TSM), in the occurrence of ENSO 82-83, 97-98 and 2015-2016 and later analyze the climate event of 2017. Two types of El Niño are currently known; Niño "Classic or Canonico"; occur in all Niño regions. Niño "Modoki", (includes La Niña events), occurs in the Niño regions (3.4). From the analysis of the "ONI" values (region 3.4), for the month of January 2016, it was 2.5, generating the Niño “Modoki”. In 2017 (January), the "ONI" value was -0.3, generating the Niña Modoki. This sequence of El Niño and La Niña (region 3.4), generated “El Niño Costero” of 2017 (Region 1.2), also causing the occurrence of tropical air masses that increased precipitation.