Estimation of Direct and Indirect Economic Losses from Earthquake Damage using PBEE Methodology and BIM Tools

In seismic countries, schools are one of the most affected infrastructures due to their high structural vulnerability. Under this problem, the objective of the research is to propose a methodology for estimating total economic losses in educational infrastructure to improve post-disaster reconstruction planning, using the conceptual framework Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering. However, in previous studies, the economic losses estimation only considers the structural performance. For that reason, this study proposes to include construction processes cost of rehabilitation and reposition, using 3D and 4D BIM models. BIM can be used for the planning, design, construction, and operation of the building. Likewise, another decision variable is the economic impact of school dropouts due to post-disaster school closings. The methodology was applied to a case study to demonstrate its usefulness to articulate post-disaster financial planning more efficiently. The results show that, for all damaged states (light, moderate, extensive, and complete), replacement by a new earthquake-resistant school is convenient from an economic and constructive point of view. In educational infrastructure, direct losses are negligible compared to indirect losses. Finally, the dropout rate doubles when schools remain closed. Consequently, learning poverty increases and leads to a reduction in future income and productivity of the country.