CMOS encoder for scale-independent pattern recognition

The present paper reports the design of a CMOS circuit capable of codifying the natural logarithm of an analog voltage in the relative phase of a train of pulses. The circuit is aimed to the implementation of a scale-independent pattern recognition system, based on the explanation provided by J. Hopfield for the human brain pattern-recognition computation in terms of stimuli representation through the phase of the action potentials. The circuit is designed targeting the AMS 0.35 m process, occupying a core area of 0.0049 mm² and with a power consumption of less than 14 W at a clock frequency of 3.3 MHz. The circuit codifies analog input voltages ranging form 1 to 5 V in phase differences between 2 and 2.7 s.