Catalysis research in Venezuela-South America outsourcing

The present contribution features an informative over view of the evolution of catalysis research and development efforts in Venezuela. It includes developments carried out by academics at different universities and research centres and the research strategy of Venezuelan oil industry (PDVSA) to contribute to the development of the chemical industry and of technological break-troughs in the field of catalysis, especially relating to the refining processes and heavy oil upgrading and use of technology aimed at providing support to the creation of ecologically acceptable energy products. For the sake of continuity, some previously published observations featuring review on the state of the art of catalytic research and development in Venezuela are also included (1).