Authoritarianism and non-conventional political participation in urban and rural Peru: a contextual analysis using a national representative sample

This study examines the relationship between right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) and unconventional political participation in Peru, focusing on a comparison of urban and rural contexts (N = 945). Data were collected through a face-to-face survey (urban = 789, rural = 156) using stratified multistage probability sampling. RWA was measured using a validated scale, and unconventional participation was assessed through an ad hoc scale focused on collective actions. Findings reveal that in urban areas, RWA significantly inhibits disruptive participation, even when controlling for other variables, whereas in rural areas, RWA shows no such effect. These differences reflect distinct political and socioeconomic realities. Results highlight the importance of contextual analysis and suggest including emotional and identity factors in future research.