A note and new extensions on “interval efficiency measures in data envelopment analysis with imprecise data”

This paper deals with imprecise data in data envelopment analysis (DEA). We construct a new pair of mathematical programming models by using the concepts of ‘inf’ and ‘sup’ to calculate the exact values of the lower- and upper-bound efficiency scores in the presence of interval and ordinal data. The method proposed in this study is motivated by the approach introduced by Kao (Eur J Oper Res 174(2):1087–1099, 2006) where a pair of two-level mathematical DEA models are converted into linear programming (LP) models to calculate the lower- and upper-bound efficiency scores in the presence of pure ordinal data. We show that the LP model proposed by Kao (2006) for finding the lower-bound efficiency score yields the upper-bound efficiency score. We propose an improved model that overcomes this drawback and successfully calculates the lower- and upper-bound efficiency scores. We demonstrate the applicability of our models with a numerical example and exhibit its efficacy through comparison with Kao’s (2006) approach.