A Journey From Traditional Supply Chain Processes to Sustainability-Oriented Blockchain Supply Chain: The Critical Role of Organizational Capabilities

Blockchain technology has a great potential to transform how businesses approach sustainability by offering transparency, efficiency, and accountability across various processes. By adopting blockchain, businesses can not only meet growing consumer and regulatory demands for sustainability but also create competitive advantages by promoting resource efficiency, fostering trust, and building eco-conscious operations. Building on dynamic capabilities lens within the resource-based view (RBV) framework, and in order to know about antecedents and consequences of blockchain technology adoption, this study investigates how three types of organizational capabilities—namely, innovation capability, information-sharing capability, and technological capability—may facilitate the blockchain technology adoption and most importantly, how such adoption could impact firm performance. To test our research hypotheses, we collected survey data from 198 electronics companies in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The structural equation modelling has been used to test the model hypothesis. The findings showed that all three organizational capabilities—innovation capability, information-sharing capability, and technological capability—significantly facilitate blockchain technology adoption, which in turn leads to enhanced firm performance in small- and medium-sized enterprises, demonstrating the strategic value of blockchain in driving sustainability and competitiveness in electronics companies.