Comparative Kinematic Analysis of Normal Gait and Four Variants of Crouch Gait Using the 3DGaitModel2392 in OpenSim

Gait analysis is essential for detecting abnormal walking patterns and enabling timely rehabilitation. This study examines kinematic differences between normal gait and four crouch gait variants using the 3DGaitModel2392 in OpenSim. Simulations evaluated hip, knee, and ankle joint angles and moments during stance and swing phases. Results showed notable discrepancies: knee flexion in crouch gait remained between 30° and 60°, compared to -10° to 50° in normal gait. The ankle exhibited greater dorsiflexion, reaching 25° in crouch gaits versus 10° in normal gait. These patterns, especially in Crouch 3 and 4, suggest compensations that redistribute biomechanical loads and increase stress on the hip and ankle. Temporal response graphs and joint analysis offer insights into these compensations and the risk of joint overloading.