Strategic Foresight for Artificial Intelligence Research in Peru: A Three Horizons Analysis

This study examines the evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) research in Peru over the past decade by combining bibliometric analysis, network mapping, and strategic foresight. Based on Scopus-indexed publications from 2013 to mid-2025, it identifies patterns of scientific productivity, thematic orientation, and institutional collaboration across key AI domains, including machine learning, neural networks, and natural language processing. The evidence is interpreted through the Three Horizons framework, which enables a structured evaluation of Peru's research landscape. Horizon 1 highlights established capabilities and consolidated areas of inquiry; Horizon 2 reflects transitional signals such as interdisciplinary integration and the growth of international partnerships; and Horizon 3 points toward emerging opportunities in underexplored fields such as biodiversity applications, indigenous language technologies, and equitable digital health. The findings reveal both strengths and structural gaps in the national AI ecosystem, underscoring the importance of coordinated investment, regional integration, and long-term planning. This work provides strategic insights into how AI research trajectories can support national development priorities and inform science, technology, and innovation policies in emerging economies.