Wave packet dynamics in rotating fluids within the Benjamin–Ono–Ostrovsky equation

We investigate the evolution of algebraic solitons of the Benjamin–Ono (BO) equation and wave packets within the framework of the Benjamin–Ono–Ostrovsky (BOO) equation by combining asymptotic analysis with direct numerical simulations. The BOO model incorporates a low-frequency dispersive term that accounts for the effects of background rotation in a fluid. Through asymptotic expansion, we derive a cubic nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation that governs the evolution of modulated wave trains and compare its predictions with numerical simulations of the full BOO equation. Theoretical and numerical results show good agreement for small-amplitude wave packets. Furthermore, near the boundary separating the modulationally stable and unstable regimes, the wave packets display pronounced broadening accompanied by enhanced amplitude attenuation. Finally, the evolution of BO algebraic solitons within the BOO framework is analyzed, revealing their gradual transformation into modulated wave packets.