Numerical modelling of adobe structures

Numerical assessment of adobe structures allow several drawbacks of experimental testing to be overcome, either to carry out back-analyses or to predict the seismic performance of real constructions. Among a number of modelling strategies, this chapter presents the main features of the finite element method, discrete element method and equivalent frame method, discussing their implementation in the case of adobe constructions. Pros and cons of each modelling approach are identified in view of real-world applications. Recent developments are discussed and research needs are detected for future studies.