International Law and Intercultural Competence in Protection of Civilians: Focus on Children in Armed Conflict

Background: Thousands of girls and boys are recruited and used in armed conflicts worldwide, serving in combat and noncombat roles. This issue transcends race, religion, and political systems and constitutes grave violations of international humanitarian law and human rights. Methods: This study employs a qualitative, interdisciplinary approach, analysing international legal frameworks, intercultural competence theory, case studies, and interviews with former child soldiers. Results: Findings reveal that cultural barriers significantly impede reintegration efforts and that intercultural competence among humanitarian actors and communities is essential for designing sustainable, inclusive, and culturally responsive reintegration programmes. Conclusion: Integrating intercultural training into child protection and peacebuilding strategies enhances the protection and reintegration of children affected by armed conflict, improving outcomes for former child soldiers and their communities.