Artificial Intelligence: Governance and Compliance in the Energy Sector

This article analyzes governance and compliance challenges of deploying AI in the energy sector, with emphasis on developing countries. Through a qualitative, comparative review, we contrast the EU's binding, risk-based model (AI Act, GDPR, DORA) with Japan's flexible, soft-law approach (AI Guidelines, Society 5.0), and assess Latin American frameworks (Peru, Brazil, Colombia). We identify legal-technical risks cybersecurity, privacy, algorithmic discrimination, and liability; and regulatory gaps in AI for critical infrastructures. We propose a progressive, adaptable digital-compliance system aligned with ISO/IEC 38507, 22989, and 23894 to integrate governance, interoperability, and risk management, strengthening transparency, accountability, and trust in the digital energy transition.