The planets seem to move backward'. Reflexión, apparentia and error in Kant

The problematic anteriority that Kant attributes to perception judgments with respect to experience judgments in the Prolegomena can be explained by a sort of conceptual overlap with provisional judgments which Kant distinguishes from determinant judgments in the Logic and in the Posthumous Legacy. The analysis of the example of the planets in §13 of the Prolegomena, interpreted in the light of the Second Analogy and the evolutionary study of the concept of apparentia, will show: 1) In their overlap with provisional judgments, perception judgments would fulfill in Prolegomena, among others, the function of explaining the possibility of empirical error; 2) An instance of reflection prior to the determination of objective empirical knowledge, preventive of error, which is proper to provisional judgments.