GLOF Monitoring System in High Mountain: Evaluation of Latency Data Transmission and Precipitation Influence Trough IoT Satellite Network

Glacier Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs) pose significant risks in high-mountain regions, particularly for rural populations. However, the performance of real-time GLOF monitoring systems under varying meteorological conditions remains poorly understood. This study presents the development and evaluation of an IoT-satellite-based monitoring system designed for GLOF detection, with a specific focus on analyzing the impact of rainfall on data transmission latency. The system integrates rainfall and water level sensors, a CR1000X datalogger, and an ST6100 satellite transceiver, enabling automated data collection and transmission to the IsatData Pro web service. Preliminary results show that rainfall did not significantly affect latency (Spearman's ρ=0.007). In addition, the average latency was 22.9 seconds, with 95% of transmissions completed within 33 seconds, establishing a potential performance benchmark for similar systems. These findings support the refinement of real-time GLOF early warning systems.