TY - GEN
T1 - Three-Axis Sensor Development for Ground Reaction Forces Measurement with Sports Applications
AU - Moscoso, Renzo
AU - Callupe, Rocio
AU - Garcia, Jose
AU - Villota, Elizabeth R.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - Pattern analysis of ground reaction forces (GRF) exerted by athletes during sports execution helps coaches design appropriate training to enhance athletes’ performance and prevent injuries. Nevertheless, few portable devices are capable of measuring such plantar forces in 3-axis without restricting the athlete’s movement. This paper presents the electronic design of a wearable plantar outsole for 3-axis GRF measurement suitable for sports applications, with emphasis on the volleyball reception technique. The outsole is composed of five 3-axis force sensors made of piezoresistive sensors. Sensed signals are processed in a microcontroller ESP32 and subsequently transmitted to a mobile phone by Bluetooth where data plots are displayed for immediate analysis. A static test over one foot is performed in order to evaluate the sensor error. Tests of gait analysis and frontal squat are also performed to validate the operation of the data-acquisition system. The 3-axis GRF sensor measures forces up to 1000 N in the z-axis and ±200 N in both x- and y-axis. Thus, the outsole senses up to 5000 N in the z-axis and ±1000 N in the x- and y-axis. Measurement errors were 148 ± 39 N (24 ± 6.3%) and 65 ± 25 N (10 ± 3.9%) in the z-axis, for the static and the frontal squat tests, respectively.
AB - Pattern analysis of ground reaction forces (GRF) exerted by athletes during sports execution helps coaches design appropriate training to enhance athletes’ performance and prevent injuries. Nevertheless, few portable devices are capable of measuring such plantar forces in 3-axis without restricting the athlete’s movement. This paper presents the electronic design of a wearable plantar outsole for 3-axis GRF measurement suitable for sports applications, with emphasis on the volleyball reception technique. The outsole is composed of five 3-axis force sensors made of piezoresistive sensors. Sensed signals are processed in a microcontroller ESP32 and subsequently transmitted to a mobile phone by Bluetooth where data plots are displayed for immediate analysis. A static test over one foot is performed in order to evaluate the sensor error. Tests of gait analysis and frontal squat are also performed to validate the operation of the data-acquisition system. The 3-axis GRF sensor measures forces up to 1000 N in the z-axis and ±200 N in both x- and y-axis. Thus, the outsole senses up to 5000 N in the z-axis and ±1000 N in the x- and y-axis. Measurement errors were 148 ± 39 N (24 ± 6.3%) and 65 ± 25 N (10 ± 3.9%) in the z-axis, for the static and the frontal squat tests, respectively.
KW - Ground reaction force
KW - Normal and shear force
KW - Wearable
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85135075448&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/978-3-031-08545-1_66
DO - 10.1007/978-3-031-08545-1_66
M3 - Conference contribution
AN - SCOPUS:85135075448
SN - 9783031085444
T3 - Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies
SP - 672
EP - 679
BT - Proceedings of the 7th Brazilian Technology Symposium, BTSym 2021 - Emerging Trends in Systems Engineering Mathematics and Physical Sciences
A2 - Iano, Yuzo
A2 - Saotome, Osamu
A2 - Kemper Vásquez, Guillermo Leopoldo
A2 - Cotrim Pezzuto, Claudia
A2 - Arthur, Rangel
A2 - Gomes de Oliveira, Gabriel
PB - Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
T2 - 7th Brazilian Technology Symposium, BTSym 2021
Y2 - 8 November 2021 through 10 November 2021
ER -