Possible Vulnerability of Bell-Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt Tests Used for Quantum Certification

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Abstract

A hidden variables (HVs) model is reported, which reproduces quantum predictions for Bell-Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (Bell-CHSH) tests. The existence of such a model poses some limitations to quantum certifications that rely on Bell-CHSH inequality violations. The reported model does not prove wrong Bell's theorem. The latter assumes the factorability of the probability density pAB, which rules the stochastic behavior of the HVs. The reported HVs model is based on an extended form of pAB, which is suggested by Lebesgue's decomposition theorem for bounded functions. The considered pAB complies with locality and realism, and also with measurement independence, parameter independence and outcome independence.

Original languageEnglish
Article numbere00437
JournalAnnalen der Physik
Volume538
Issue number1
DOIs
StatePublished - Jan 2026

Keywords

  • Bell inequality
  • hidden-variable models
  • local-realism
  • loophole-free tests
  • non-locality

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