LEGA: A LEarner-centered GAmification design framework

In the recent years, the gamification of learning has emerged to include game-based thinking and game mechanics within the classroom, serving the purpose of motivating and engaging students during the process of learning. Gamifying is not a trivial task for educators. Although gamification frameworks can guide them during the process, they usually do not focus on educational aspects such as intended learning outcomes (ILOs), learning styles (LS), learning activities (LAs) and learning mechanics (LMs), neither take into account the two roles of students - as players and learners. This paper aligns both educational and gamification worlds and proposes a Learner-Centered Framework for the design of gamified learning activities. It provides a guide for teachers that allows them to start with ILOs and LAs, and reach suitable gamified learning mechanics to be implemented in the process of gamification.