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Zamia urarinorum (Cycadales, Zamiaceae), a new cycad species from wetland forests of Loreto, Peru
(Q15088586, 2026-02-12)
We describe and illustrate Zamia urarinorum, a new species of arborescent cycad from wetland forests in the Tigrillo and Urituyacu river basins of Loreto, Peru. It is the only cycad known to inhabit permanently waterlogged wetland forests, a unique and ecologically challenging environment. Morphologically, the species most closely resembles Zamia multidentata, but differs in both vegetative and reproductive traits. Vegetative distinctions include fewer leaves per stem and longer, more narrowly shaped leaflets with marginal teeth confined to the distal portion. Reproductive differences include significantly smaller pollen strobili with a tomentose rachis, and ovulate strobili with shorter peduncles and smaller seeds. We also document a range extension of Z. multidentata into Peru, expanding its known distribution beyond Acre, Brazil. These findings highlight the underexplored diversity of Amazonian Zamia and contribute to a growing understanding of its biogeographic and ecological complexity.
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Sustainability transitions and "bending the curve of biodiversity collapse" in the Amazon Forest
(Cornell University, 2025-06-01)
This paper undertakes an analysis of deforestation in the Amazon area using a pathways-based approach to sustainability. We ground the analysis primarily in the sustainability transitions literature but also draw a bridge with socio-ecological concepts which helps us to understand the nature of transitions in this context. The concept of a deforestation system is developed by examining the interplay of infrastructure, technologies, narratives, and institutions. Drawing on a literature review and an in-depth case study of Puerto Maldonado in Madre de Dios, Peru, the paper identifies three pathways for addressing deforestation: optimisation, natural capital, and regenerative change. We suggest that while the optimisation pathway provides partial solutions through mitigation and compensation strategies, it often reinforces extractivist logics. The study also underscores the limitations of natural capital frameworks, which tend to rely on centralised governance and market-based instruments while lacking broader social engagement. In contrast, our findings emphasise the potential of regenerative strategies rooted in local agency, community-led experimentation, and context-sensitive institutional arrangements. The paper contributes to ongoing debates on biodiversity governance by illustrating how the spatial and long-term dynamics of deforestation interact, and why inclusive, territorially grounded pathways are crucial for bending the curve of biodiversity loss.
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