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The role of strength-based parenting, posttraumatic stress, and event exposure on posttraumatic growth in flood survivors
(American Psychological Association, 2022-04-25)
The present study examined the role of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), strength-based parenting (SBP), and event exposure on posttraumatic growth (PTG) in Peruvian flood survivors. METHOD: After contacting local authorities, 1,077 adult participants were surveyed 1 year after the flood. Correlation, moderation, and mediation analyses were conducted to determine relationships between variables. RESULTS: Flood survivors experienced both PTSS and PTG. Additionally, event exposure directly facilitated PTG. Further, SBP influenced PTG both directly and by its role in reducing PTSS. Finally, higher levels of SBP aided individuals in converting PTSS into PTG. CONCLUSIONS: Favorable psychological outcomes following floods are not uncommon even for those with high levels of stress or exposure. Individual- and community-level interventions should leverage facilitating factors such as SBP to promote growth outcomes such as PTG. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Resilience and climate instability at the beginning of the Middle Horizon (550–800 A.D.)
(University of Florida Press, 2024-03-05)
This article presents a study of the relationship between violence and climate stress in the Lima culture, a pre-Hispanic society of the Peruvian central coast, which developed approximately between 200 and 800 A.D. Different investigations have shown that around 550–750 A.D., the Peruvian coast experienced strong El Niño events that created environmental and social stress scenarios for coastal pre-Hispanic societies. Our data show that although evidence supports the presence of at least one powerful El Niño event on the central coast around 600 A.D., this episode of climatic stress related to extensive flood deposits seems to have not had a direct effect on the levels of interpersonal and intergroup violence recorded at Lima culture sites during this period. The prevalence of cranial trauma seems to have decreased during this time compared with the previous phase (from 50% to 25% in males and from 40% to 15.7% in females). The pattern and lethality of the lesions suggest that they were primarily produced in nonlethal face-to-face encounters, although some individuals could have also been victims of raiding. However, even though interpersonal/intergroup violence did not rise during this period of climatic stress, more complicated and ritualized manifestations of violence arose instead. Further comparisons of these findings with other Andean regions showed that coastal pre-Hispanic societies reacted in different ways to these challenging climate events. Through cooperation and an effective social, political, and economic reorganization, the Limas coped with a challenging period. Este artículo presenta un estudio sobre la relación entre violencia y estrés climático en la cultura Lima, una sociedad prehispánica de la costa central del Perú, la cual se desarrolló aproximadamente entre 200-800 AD. Diversas investigaciones han mostrado que alrededor de 550-750 AD la costa peruana experimentó fuertes eventos de El Niño que causaron escenarios de estrés social y ambiental para las sociedades prehispánicas costeras. Nuestros datos muestran que, aunque la evidencia apoya la presencia de al menos un evento de El Niño muy severo alrededor de 600 AD, este episodio relacionado con extensos depósitos aluviales no tuvo un efecto directo en los niveles de violencia interpersonal registrados en sitios de la cultura Lima durante este periodo. La prevalencia de trauma craneal parece haber decrecido durante este tiempo en comparación con periodos previos (de 50% a 25% en individuos masculinos y de 40% a 15.7% en femeninos). El patrón de letalidad de las lesiones sugiere que estas fueron producidas principalmente en encuentros no letales cara a cara, aunque algunos individuos pudieron ser víctimas de incursiones. Sin embargo, aun cuando la violencia interpersonal no aumentó durante este periodo de estrés climático, sí aumentaron las manifestaciones más ritualizadas y complejas de violencia. Comparaciones adicionales de estos hallazgos con otras regiones andinas muestra que las sociedades costeras prehispánicas reaccionaron de diferentes formas a estos desafiantes eventos climáticos. Aparentemente, los lima pudieron superar este difícil periodo por medio de la cooperación y una efectiva reorganización social, política y económica.
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Indirect Victims of Sexual Offence Investigations: Exploring the Impact of “The Knock” on Partners' Mental Health and Wellbeing
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2026-05-01)
“The knock” refers to the moment when the police first arrive at a house to investigate suspected sexual offending by a member of that family. This paper examines the levels of trauma, wellbeing and crisis support for partners, both at the time of the knock and at the current time. Forty-eight participants who had experienced the knock completed an online survey. All respondents were female; they had experienced the knock 0–20 years previously (M = 3.88 years). Participants provided demographics and completed the World Health Organisation (WHO) Wellbeing Index, the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) and the Crisis Support Scale (CSS) for (i) retrospective (at the time of the knock) and (ii) current levels of social support. Participants reported lower levels of wellbeing and higher levels of trauma in comparison with general population norms. Approximately 40% of participants' scores on the ITQ exceeded the criterion for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), with a further 25% of participants meeting the criterion for Complex PTSD. Levels of trauma were negatively correlated with wellbeing and with both retrospective and current self-reported crisis support. Qualitative analysis of open-ended questions explored participants' experiences of the knock, their perceptions of police conduct, and the personal, relational, and practical consequences that followed. The findings highlight substantial and enduring harm among partners and are discussed in relation to implications for current policy and practice.
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