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Professional trajectories of women teachers in the engineering area of a private university in Peru
(2020-09-30)
The aim of this study was to analyze the perceptions of women engineering teachers about their professional trajectories. Regarding the methodology, the qualitative approach and the phenomenological method were chosen. In addition, six female teachers of the engineering area were interviewed. The main findings indicated that the motivations to redirect their professional path towards teaching were the acknowledgments, the promotion of research and schedules' flexibility, despite not considering it as the first option of professional development. Also, teaching provided them with opportunities to pursue graduate studies without restrictions, to care for their families and to postpone motherhood. However, working at a university meant facing organizational obstacles, such as differences in treatment according to gender and age, as well as practices of exclusion and favoritism.
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Internalization of mastery goals: the differential effect of teachers’ autonomy support and control
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2021-02-05)
Two linked studies explored whether students’ perceptions differentiate between teachers’ autonomy support and control when presenting mastery goals, and the outcomes of these two practices, in terms of students’ internalization of mastery goals and their behavioral engagement. In two phases, Study 1 (N = 317) sought to validate a new instrument assessing students’ perceptions of teachers’ autonomy support and control when presenting mastery goals. Study 2 (N = 1,331) demonstrated that at both within- and between-classroom levels, perceptions of teachers’ autonomy support for mastery goals were related to students’ mastery goals’ endorsement and behavioral engagement. These relations were mediated by students’ autonomous reasons to pursue learning activities. Perceptions of teachers’ control predicted disengagement through controlled reasons for learning, but only at the within-classroom level. This research joins a growing body of work demonstrating that combining achievement goal theory with SDT can further our understanding of the underpinnings of achievement motivation. It suggests that if teachers want their students to endorse mastery goals (and be more engaged), they need to use more autonomy supportive practices and less controlling ones.
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Perceptions of the appropriate response to norm violation in 57 societies
(Nature Research, 2021-12-01)
Norm enforcement may be important for resolving conflicts and promoting cooperation. However, little is known about how preferred responses to norm violations vary across cultures and across domains. In a preregistered study of 57 countries (using convenience samples of 22,863 students and non-students), we measured perceptions of the appropriateness of various responses to a violation of a cooperative norm and to atypical social behaviors. Our findings highlight both cultural universals and cultural variation. We find a universal negative relation between appropriateness ratings of norm violations and appropriateness ratings of responses in the form of confrontation, social ostracism and gossip. Moreover, we find the country variation in the appropriateness of sanctions to be consistent across different norm violations but not across different sanctions. Specifically, in those countries where use of physical confrontation and social ostracism is rated as less appropriate, gossip is rated as more appropriate.
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Effects of the pandemic on academic women in Latin America
(IntechOpen, 2022-10-19)
The pandemic caused by COVID-19 has brought us a serious global economic, health and social crisis. In this context, there has been an increase in the inequality between men and women around the world. In this situation of home confinement, uncertainty, stress and fear, women have been the most affected, regardless of their level of education. In the case of women academics, they have experienced an overload of remote work, but also an increase in the household chores and other activities such as the care of older adults and school teaching of their minor children. The greatest impacts on the perception were the lack of gender equity (SDG 5) and, therefore, the increase of the gender inequality gap (SDG 10) during the pandemic in Latin America (LA).
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Moral expansiveness around the world: the role of societal factors across 36 countries
(SAGE Publishing, 2022-07-04)
What are the things that we think matter morally, and how do societal factors influence this? To date, research has explored several individual-level and historical factors that influence the size of our ‘moral circles.' There has, however, been less attention focused on which societal factors play a role. We present the first multi-national exploration of moral expansiveness—that is, the size of people’s moral circles across countries. We found low generalized trust, greater perceptions of a breakdown in the social fabric of society, and greater perceived economic inequality were associated with smaller moral circles. Generalized trust also helped explain the effects of perceived inequality on lower levels of moral inclusiveness. Other inequality indicators (i.e., Gini coefficients) were, however, unrelated to moral expansiveness. These findings suggest that societal factors, especially those associated with generalized trust, may influence the size of our moral circles.
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Are fathers' rearing histories associated with their involvement in childrearing? A Peruvian study
(Associacao Portuguesa de Psicologia, 2022-01-01)
This study compares father involvement, relative to the mother, in Peruvian families with preschool age children. We also examined father's rearing history and sociodemographic characteristics as predictors of involvement in child related activities. Two hundred and six families participated in the study. Results showed that mothers were more involved in direct and indirect care, and fathers tended to be more involved in play. Teaching/discipline and outdoor leisure activities were shared. The models tested for paternal involvement in direct, indirect care, and outdoor leisure were significant. Father s rearing history was a main predictor of direct care and outdoor leisure. Fathers' perceptions of their own mothers' care were negatively associated with their involvement in direct care; and their perceptions of their own fathers' overprotection/control were negatively associated with fathers' involvement in outdoor leisure. Results are discussed based on stereotypical gender-based role division in childrearing, and the modeling and compensatory hypotheses.
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Collective compass to unit performance: Linking transformational leadership climate, trust and engagement
(Emerald Group Holdings Ltd., 2022-06-24)
The purpose of the study is to examine how shared perceptions of collective behaviors, such as transformational leadership climate (TLC), collective trust and collective engagement, affect unit performance. Design/methodology/approach: The sample consisted of 450 employees in 74 agencies of a financial organization, using measurements at the collective team level. Multiple structural equation modeling analyses were used to test the hypotheses. Findings: The relationship between TLC and unit performance was sequentially mediated by collective trust and collective engagement. Originality/value: This study highlights how employees' shared perceptions of different team characteristics can affect the overall functioning and performance of an organization.
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Multinational data show that conspiracy beliefs are associated with the perception (and reality) of poor national economic performance
(Wiley, 2022-10-18)
While a great deal is known about the individual difference factors associated with conspiracy beliefs, much less is known about the country‐level factors that shape people's willingness to believe conspiracy theories. In the current article we discuss the possibility that willingness to believe conspiracy theories might be shaped by the perception (and reality) of poor economic performance at the national level. To test this notion, we surveyed 6723 participants from 36 countries. In line with predictions, propensity to believe conspiracy theories was negatively associated with perceptions of current and future national economic vitality. Furthermore, countries with higher GDP per capita tended to have lower belief in conspiracy theories. The data suggest that conspiracy beliefs are not just caused by intrapsychic factors but are also shaped by difficult economic circumstances for which distrust might have a rational basis.
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Dimensions of Wisdom Perception Across Twelve Countries on Five Continents
(2023-04-12)
Wisdom is the hallmark of social judgment, but how people across cultures recognize wisdom remains unclear—distinct philosophical traditions suggest different views of wisdom’s cardinal features. We explore perception of wise minds across 16 socio-economically and culturally diverse convenience samples from 12 countries. Participants assessed wisdom exemplars, non-exemplars, and themselves on 19 socio-cognitive characteristics, subsequently rating targets’ wisdom, knowledge, and understanding. Analyses reveal two positively related dimensions—Reflective Orientation and Socio-Emotional Awareness. These dimensions are consistent across cultures and interact when informing wisdom ratings: wisest targets—as perceived by participants—score high on both dimensions, whereas the least wise are not reflective but moderately socio-emotional. Additionally, individuals view themselves as less reflective but more socio-emotionally aware than most wisdom exemplars. Our findings expand folk psychology and social judgment research beyond the Global North, showing how individuals and cultures perceive desirable cognitive and socio-emotional qualities, and contribute to an understanding of mind perception.
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Consumer Preferences, Perceptions, and Persistent Barriers: An Assessment of Internet Usage During and Post COVID-19 Pandemic in Peru
(RELX Group (Netherlands), 2023-01-01)
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