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Item type:Publication, Antimicrobial resistance in rural settings in Latin America: a scoping review with a one health lens(MDPI, 2021-09-01)Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in rural Latin America is not fully understood. The transmission pathways are partially known since research predominantly focuses on the urban hospital setting. The contribution to AMR from environmental factors is usually only mentioned in large-scale animal production. To understand the state of the literature on AMR in rural LA, we carried out a scoping review using the One Health (OH) perspective. OH recognises the concomitant contributions and interconnectedness of humans, animal, and the environment, thus, we used the OH perspective to select those articles adopting a holistic view of the problem. We searched original articles in English, Spanish, and Portuguese in four peer-reviewed databases and included 21 publications in the analysis. We charted data on bibliometrics, design, data collection sources, and instruments. We identified the human, animal, and environmental contributions to AMR in rural locations, and information gaps on AMR transmission routes and AMR drivers. Intensive and non-intensive animal production systems and agricultural practices were the most frequently found human contributions to AMR. Poultry, swine, cattle, and fish were the most frequent livestock mentioned as sources of AMR bacteria. Animal carriage and/or transfer of AMR determinants or bacteria was recognised as the primary contribution of livestock to the problem, while water, soil, and farming were predominant environmental contributions. We found that only 1 article out of 21 considered the OH approach as a framework for their sampling scheme, whereas 5 out 21 discussed all the three OH components. There were hardly any descriptions of humans or human waste as reservoirs for AMR in rural locations, and rural health centres or hospitals and wildlife were not represented. No studies identified mining as an anthropogenic activity driving AMR. More OH-oriented studies, with emphasis on molecular approaches—for identification and comparison of AMR genes—are sorely needed to understand better the existence of a network of interconnected transmission routes in rural Latin America and provide efficient strategies to prevent further AMR emergence. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Antimicrobial resistance in humans, animals, water and household environs in rural Andean Peru: exploring dissemination pathways through the one health lens(MDPI, 2021-05-01)Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health threat, especially for low and middle-income countries (LMIC) where the threat has not been fully identified. Our study aims to describe E. coli AMR in rural communities to expand our knowledge on AMR bacterial contamina-tion. Specifically, we aim to identify and describe potential dissemination routes of AMR-carrying bacteria in humans (children’s stools), community water sources (reservoirs and household sources), household environments (yard soil) and domestic animals of subsistence farmers in rural Andean areas. Our cross-sectional study was conducted in rural households in the region of Cajamarca, Peru. A total of 266 samples were collected. Thirty-four point six percent of reservoir water and 45% of household water source samples were positive for thermotolerant coliforms. Of the reservoir water samples, 92.8% were positive for E. coli, and 30.8% displayed resistance to at least one antibiotic, with the highest resistance to tetracycline. E. coli was found in 57.1% of the household water sources, 18.6% of these isolates were multidrug-resistant, and displayed the highest resistance to tetracycline (31.3%). Among samples from the children’s drinking water source, 32.5% were positive for thermotolerant coliforms, and 57.1% of them were E. coli. One third of E. coli isolates were multidrug-resistant and displayed the highest AMR to tetracycline (41.6%) and ampicillin (25%). Thermotolerant coliforms were found in all the soil samples, 43.3% of the isolates were positive for E. coli, 34.3% of the E. coli isolates displayed AMR to at least one antibiotic, and displayed the highest AMR to tetracycline (25.7%). We determined thermotolerant coliforms in 97.5% of the child feces samples; 45.3% of them were E. coli, 15.9% displayed multidrug resistance, and displayed the highest resistance to ampicillin (34.1%). We identified thermotolerant coliforms in 67.5% of the animal feces samples. Of those, 38.7% were E. coli, and 37.7% were resistant to at least one antibiotic. For all the samples, the prevalence of resistance to at least one antibiotic in the E. coli and Klebsiella spp. isolates was almost 43% and the prevalence of MDR in the same isolates was nearly 9%, yet the latter nearly doubled (15.9%) in children’s stools. Our results provide preliminary evidence for critical pathways and the interconnectedness of animal, human and environmental transmission but molecular analysis is needed to track dissemination routes properly.1 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Whole-genome characterisation of ESBL-producing E. coli isolated from drinking water and dog faeces from rural Andean households in Peru(MDPI, 2022-05-01)E. coli that produce extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) are major multidrug-resistant bacteria. In Peru, only a few reports have characterised the whole genome of ESBL enterobacteria. We aimed to confirm the identity and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profile of two ESBL isolates from dog faeces and drinking water of rural Andean households and determine serotype, phylogroup, sequence type (ST)/clonal complex (CC), pathogenicity, virulence genes, ESBL genes, and their plasmids. To confirm the identity and AMR profiles, we used the VITEK®2 system. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and bioinformatics analysis were performed subsequently. Both isolates were identified as E. coli, with serotypes -:H46 and O9:H10, phylogroups E and A, and ST/CC 5259/- and 227/10, respectively. The isolates were ESBL-producing, carbapenem-resistant, and not harbouring carbapenemase-encoding genes. Isolate 1143 ST5259 harboured the astA gene, encoding the EAST1 heat-stable toxin. Both genomes carried ESBL genes (blaEC-15, blaCTX-M-8, and blaCTX-M-55). Nine plasmids were detected, namely IncR, IncFIC(FII), IncI, IncFIB(AP001918), Col(pHAD28), IncFII, IncFII(pHN7A8), IncI1, and IncFIB(AP001918). Finding these potentially pathogenic bacteria is worrisome given their sources and highlights the importance of One-Health research efforts in remote Andean communities. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Household-Level Risk Factors for Water Contamination and Antimicrobial Resistance in Drinking Water Among Households With Children Under 5 in Rural San Marcos, Cajamarca, Peru(Elsevier B.V., 2023-06-01)Household water contamination at point of use depends on human, animal and environmental factors embodying all aspects of a One Health approach. This study investigated the association between household factors, the presence of thermotolerant coliform, and the presence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in drinking water among 314 households with children under 5 in Cajamarca, Peru. This study analysed data from a baseline sampling of a randomized controlled trial, including household surveys covering household water management and factors such as household animals, as well as microbiological data from samples collected from drinking water. Data were analysed using generalized linear models. Drinking water samples collected from narrow-mouthed containers were less likely to be contaminated than samples collected from the faucet (OR = 0.55, p = 0.030) or wide mouthed containers. The presence of thermotolerant coliform was associated with owning farm birds, which increased the proportion of contamination from 42.2% to 59.1% (OR = 1.98, p = 0.017) and with animal waste observed in the kitchen area, which increased the prevalence of contamination from 51.4% to 65.6% (OR = 1.80, p = 0.024). Resistance to any antibiotic was higher among pig owners at 60%, relative to non-pig owners at 36.4% (OR = 1.97, p = 0.012) as well as households with free-roaming animals in the kitchen area at 59.6% compared to households without free-roaming animals at 39.7% (OR = 2.24, p = 0.035). Recent child antibiotic use increased the prevalence of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance among E. coli isolates to 22.3% relative to 16.7% (OR = 3.00, p = 0.037). Overall, these findings suggest that water storage in a secure container to protect from in-home contamination is likely to be important in providing safe drinking water at point of use. In addition, transmission of thermotolerant coliform and AMR between domestic animals and human drinking water supplies is likely. Further research should explore transmission pathways and methods to support safe drinking water access in multi-species households. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Global Framings of Pandemic Recovery: Insights Across Conservation, Development and Health Fields(SAGE Publishing, 2026-06-01)In many contexts recovery from COVID-19 is ongoing. The impacts of the pandemic were diverse and their distribution uneven, which may in part explain the diversity in the ways in which its recovery has been framed. Numerous framings concerning what constitutes 'recovery', what its pursuit should entail, who (or what) it should target and whose vision the notion of recovery should represent have been expressed by various fields of study. An assessment of the way in which diverse fields (e.g. health, conservation and development) have represented the priorities of recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic is so far not available. This knowledge gap is important since understanding the threads in common, and those distinct between fields, may help move towards a more integrated appraisal of the multiple priorities salient to recovery. Integration however also involves representing diverse knowledges, values and lived experiences and supporting disaster-resilient communities requires being attentive to the voices of the most marginalized. Due recognition of and engagement with these groups is essential for enhancing the justice and equity of recovery-focused interventions, and can help ensure that interventions do not presume, misplace or misrepresent local priorities. With growing recognition of the need for decolonial, grounded and co-developed responses to processes of recovery, nature futures and global development there is a need to understand how COVID-19 recovery has been conceived and articulated across fields, and crucially, the extent to which it has included the perceptions of socially, economically and politically marginalized groups. We analyzed 30 papers (10 per field), and asked (1) How does COVID-19 recovery tend to be framed within these fields, including the representation of intersecting risks? (2) Where is there divergence and congruence in recovery discourses across these fields, and what would an integrated understanding of recovery look like? (3) To what extent are local voices reflected or acknowledged in these international framings? We found that while perspectives differed, all highlighted how COVID-19 exposed pre-existing interconnected crises. Many framed the root cause as flawed economic growth models, which was considered in need of various degrees of transformation combined with more integrated governance. Crucially, few framings had strong representation of local, or marginalized voices and relatively few papers actively grounded their calls, or prominently advocated for such practices. Our findings point to a need for more co-created knowledge generation and agenda setting for COVID-19 recovery, and disaster recovery more broadly. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Assessing the effectiveness of the one paleopathology workshop(University of Oxford, 2026-01-01)Background and objectives: One Paleopathology is a novel concept in Paleopathology that extends the One Health paradigm into the past. A workshop at the University of Durham, UK, was held prior to the 2024 International Society for Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health (ISEMPH) meeting, firstly to define and expand the concept of One Paleopathology and secondly to generate transdisciplinary research and outreach under this framework. This article presents a logic model to evaluate how effectively the workshop met its goals. Methodology: Two surveys were conducted, one immediately following the workshop and at the 1-year mark. These surveys assess the direct outputs from the workshop-tangible research and outreach products-as well as changes in participants' attitudes toward One Paleopathology and the degree to which transdisciplinarity was incorporated into resulting projects. Results: Both the outputs (direct products of the workshop activities) and outcomes (changes in knowledge or attitude because of the activities) of the workshop suggest that the goals are being met. The first goal, to define and expand the concept of One Paleopathology, was met, with participants expressing strong acceptance of the framework. The second goal-generating transdisciplinary research-is reflected in eight ongoing projects initiated at the workshop. Conclusions and implications: The workshop structure and outcomes assessment presented here evaluate an initial effort in effecting conceptual change in the social sciences. Participants were enthusiastic about One Paleopathology, and over the following year new collaborations and research agendas aligned with the concept emerged. Importantly, participants reported integrating transdisciplinarity into their long-term research, indicating that the workshop had a sustained impact.1