Producción científica

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    Factors that contribute to the underrepresentation of women in science careers worldwide: a literature review
    (Springer, 2020-07-01)
    The paper analyses the literature related to the underrepresentation of women in the scientific field to identify the factors that affect this underrepresentation worldwide. This literature review covers 470 papers—published in journals with the highest impact factor from 1985 to 2018—that address the factors that influence the access, participation, and progress of women in scientific careers. This literature review was based on the complete readings of the papers using thematic analysis. The factors that influence women’s access, participation and progress in careers related to science and technology are a complex problem with multiple interdependent factors. In addition, these vary according to the stages of women’s lives and cultural contexts. This paper proposes, based on the literature review, a comprehensive framework to explain the factors that influence the access, participation, and progress of women in science careers. The factors are grouped as follows: (a) individual, (b) family, (c) social, (d) educational, and (e) labor-economic. The proposed research is useful for researchers and policy makers because it introduces this phenomenon schematically and orderly identifies the gaps in past research studies, and evidences the need to conduct further research on this topic.
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    Gender equality index for country regions (GEICR)
    (Springer International Publishing, 2022-01-01)
    The study proposes a Gender Equality Index for Country Regions (GEICR), which aims to provide a comprehensive approach to the quantitative measurement of gender equality and social development in a sub-national setting and to show how resources are distributed between women and men. The GEICR includes four determinants, called pillars, twelve factors, and for each factor, a set of indicators. This approach was applied in 25 regions of Peru and the results show high statistical consistency with other similar measurements. The GEICR can be used by policymakers and other relevant stakeholders for policy and strategy design and development at the national and international levels, which is why it is an important tool for International Economic Diplomacy.
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    Women on corporate boards in a predominantly male-dominated society: the case of Peru
    (Emerald Publishing Limited, 2022-09-28)
    Purpose This phenomenological study aims to analyze the factors perceived by women to be important to their nomination and selection for board positions in Peruvian public companies. The importance of this study lies in understanding the qualities that are important for women to possess, as perceived by those women who have reached leadership positions, achieving empowerment and economic autonomy. Design/methodology/approach The study population consisted of 33 women who became company directors in 2019, according to the data of the Lima Stock Exchange. From this group, the authors conducted 12 in-depth interviews with those women who accepted to participate in this study. The information was analyzed based on the stages suggested by Moustakas (1994). Findings This study proposes a conceptual framework with 13 factors perceived by women during their nomination and selection for board positions in Latin American public companies, focusing on the case of Peru. The factors are training and learning, professional experience, self-awareness, attitude, resilience, networking, communication skills, empathy, “hard work,” capacity to make important decisions, soft skills, support networks and allies and passion for their work. Originality/value Based on the experiences of the participants, this study identified 13 critical factors for women to achieve leadership positions as board members. From a phenomenological approach, the relevance of said factors is that they have emerged from the point of view of women who live in a patriarchal and collectivistic culture with a high gender gap index.
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    Women-led social entrepreneurship: A phenomenological study in Peru
    (Institute of Economic Sciences, 2024-11-27)
    This study uses a phenomenological approach to explore the experiences of 30 women leaders in Peruvian social entrepreneurship. Through in-depth interviews analyzed using Moustakas's (1994) methodology, the research proposes a framework for understanding the initiation and development of women-led social enterprises, considering individual, social, cultural, and institutional factors. It also examines the impact of these ventures on the leaders and society, as well as the resources utilized. The findings offer insights for policymakers aiming to support entrepreneurial ecosystems. This study is unique in its focus on Peru, a country with the highest women labor force participation in Latin America and strong entrepreneurial activity.