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El desarrollo económico del Perú y la integración andina
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 1975)
Analiza el proyecto de desarrollo planteado por el Gobierno del Perú, y que se ha ido explicitando a partir de la toma del poder por la Fuerza Armada en Octubre de 1960. El modelo planteado al parecer presenta algunas incompatibilidades con la integración andina, por lo que es un elemento que se analiza.
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Sector externo : posibilidades y opciones de política
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 1988)
Plantea una interpretación del proceso de crecimiento económico desde la perspectiva del sector externo y propone una serie de criterios de acción y medios para establecer una nueva relación entre la economía peruana y la economía mundial.
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Reflexiones y propuestas sobre la industrialización en el Perú
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 1986)
Reflexiones sobre algunos elementos para formular una estrategia de industrialización en perspectiva de largo plazo desde una experiencia como la peruana. Se trata principalmente de proponer una agenda de asuntos y no un conjunto de propuestas ordenadas.
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Ciclos peruanos, andinos y de Estados Unidos
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 1998)
In this article we have shown that between 1950 and the debt crisis economic fluctuations of Andean countries and of the U. S. A. are positively correlated. The exceptions to the rule are the oil exporting Venezuela and Ecuador during some of the subperiods selected. In general, the correlation are significant before the debt crisis in 1982 but most of them become non-significant during the 1981-1995 period. The same pattern applies to the correlation between Peru and U. S. A. for 1929-1981 and 1981-1995.
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La investigación económica y social en el Perú. Balance 1999-2003 y prioridades para el futuro
(Consorcio de Investigación Económica y Social, 2004)
This publication systematizes 600 studies on Peru’s economy and society from 1999-2003. The review covers nine topics, including macroeconomics and growth; international economic relations; employment; poverty and income distribution; education; health; decentralization; regulation, privatization and concessions; and environment and natural resources. The authors pose new questions and perspectives to foster academic social science research and guide analysis by the Consortium for Economic and Social Research (CIES) in the pursuit of its twofold objective of encouraging new studies of use for policy design and fostering a culture of knowledge-based public decision making.
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Creación de consenso y su incidencia en la política: El “Acuerdo Nacional” en el Perú.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 2015)
This article aims to present the composition and characteristics of the operation and show evidence of the impact of consensually agreed “State Policies” by the National Agreement Forum on government policy in Peru over the past decade. After opening questions about the effectiveness of democratic institutions to change society, we present in the second section the composition and characteristics of the Forum of the National Agreement in Peru and the type of agreements reached. In the third section we pick theoretical elements of Sen´s connection between values and political activity in support of the potential impact on State Policies that the National Agreement (NA) approved by consensus could have. In the fourth section we present the results of a “survey” to very high rulers of the last governments and other officials and professionals who respond to a question about the incidence of NA in their decisions. Thus, the type of incidence of consensually approved policy orientations is established and also a first look at its scope.
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Inclusión social ¿En qué? Un enfoque relacional
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 2014)
Four sets of graphs allow us to contrast, and complement, some of the classic elements of the diagnosis that has dominated Latin American academic and political world during the last several decades. The first set shows the long term evolution of economic and human development indicators that are particularly sensitive to situations of extreme poverty, illiteracy and life expectancy, to indicate us that we should view Latin American development as a process of, simultaneously, widening and narrowing gaps. The second allow us to see that the “lost decade” was not a total loss. In spite of the generalized economic crisis, and the enormous, and terrible rise in economic poverty, some very elementary, but valuable, indicators of human progress continued improving. The third set of graphs presents the difference between the income levels of regions in selected countries, and the difference between the levels in the Human Development Index. Interregional economic disparities tend to be wider than human ones. Finally, we plot economic and basic human development indicators of the countries in the world to show that the Latin American countries are moving around a “corner” where the advance to solve some basic pivations is already great, but further advances in life expectancy will be small, and more and more expensive.
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La responsabilidad moral del mundo de la economía desde la doctrina social de la Iglesia Católica
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 2009)
This article aims to set the way in which the Encyclical Caritas in Veritate follows the pattern of criticism of the modern economy which has resulted in encyclicals the three last centuries. This tradition also corresponds to the bishop’s document in Aparecida. A look that serves as the basis for assessing the nature of this criticism is one that draws attention both on the degree of autonomy of the economy with respect to moral “interference” that might come from outside the world of the economy as the autonomy of the Church vis a vis that world. With this in mind, we show how the recent Encyclical always puts the labour problem and the distribution of income in foreground, and also how all moral judgment requires determining responsibilities. After a clarification on the meaning of subsidiarity and of the public aspect of the practice of charity and of the Church, we try what the Pope considers an inappropriate division of labour between economic and political action in the process of conquering justice and in the exercise of “gratuituousness”. But justice and the free gift is not privilege of any State or private institution specialized in solidarity, and call to exercise both in all of them. In all fields of life and all the institutions, including the enterprise, the moral requirement is the same.
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The power, rigour and efectiveness of an idea: the case of the poor's legal informality
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 2008)
Few ideas and activities have received as hyperbolic praise as those presented by Hernando de Soto on informality. Nobel prizes in economics, presidents of various countries, important magazines, and multilateral organizations have endorsed this author’s impulse to the official registration of the poor’s property, particularly, their homes, as the key to launch a worldwide economic revolution from below. In this paper we present the institutional backing of those ideas, the analytic substance of the main arguments involved, the descriptive accuracy of the institutions operating in the Third World, and the results of their application. In this way, we evaluate the relation between the spread and power of an idea with its formal content, and its effectiveness to change the world of the poor.
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Desarrollo como libertad: invitación a la interdisciplinariedad
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 2009)
The objective of the paper is to invite to an interdisciplinary dialogue. The first part presents a summary of the “capabilities approach” that stresses the expansion of freedom as the goal. In this perspective, underdevelopment means the existence of very few alternative ways of life for the people. Poverty means deprivation of opportunities to lead a life. Development has to be evaluated in terms of the capability of persons to function in valuable ways that are reasonably argued. In the second part we present briefly three examples of interdisciplinary dialogue. The first, with the economy around the costs and benefits of development in terms of freedom, and about how free one can be in and with respect to the economy. The second suggests a critical view of the freedom to live under liberal constitutions. The third, introduces a reflection on the importance of freedom from a Christian perspective.
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