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El desarrollo económico del Perú y la integración andina
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 1975)
Analiza el proyecto de desarrollo planteado por el Gobierno del Perú, y que se ha ido explicitando a partir de la toma del poder por la Fuerza Armada en Octubre de 1960. El modelo planteado al parecer presenta algunas incompatibilidades con la integración andina, por lo que es un elemento que se analiza.
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Sector externo : posibilidades y opciones de política
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 1988)
Plantea una interpretación del proceso de crecimiento económico desde la perspectiva del sector externo y propone una serie de criterios de acción y medios para establecer una nueva relación entre la economía peruana y la economía mundial.
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Reflexiones y propuestas sobre la industrialización en el Perú
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 1986)
Reflexiones sobre algunos elementos para formular una estrategia de industrialización en perspectiva de largo plazo desde una experiencia como la peruana. Se trata principalmente de proponer una agenda de asuntos y no un conjunto de propuestas ordenadas.
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Ciclos peruanos, andinos y de Estados Unidos
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 1998)
In this article we have shown that between 1950 and the debt crisis economic fluctuations of Andean countries and of the U. S. A. are positively correlated. The exceptions to the rule are the oil exporting Venezuela and Ecuador during some of the subperiods selected. In general, the correlation are significant before the debt crisis in 1982 but most of them become non-significant during the 1981-1995 period. The same pattern applies to the correlation between Peru and U. S. A. for 1929-1981 and 1981-1995.
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La investigación económica y social en el Perú. Balance 1999-2003 y prioridades para el futuro
(Consorcio de Investigación Económica y Social, 2004)
This publication systematizes 600 studies on Peru’s economy and society from 1999-2003. The review covers nine topics, including macroeconomics and growth; international economic relations; employment; poverty and income distribution; education; health; decentralization; regulation, privatization and concessions; and environment and natural resources. The authors pose new questions and perspectives to foster academic social science research and guide analysis by the Consortium for Economic and Social Research (CIES) in the pursuit of its twofold objective of encouraging new studies of use for policy design and fostering a culture of knowledge-based public decision making.
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La responsabilidad moral del mundo de la economía desde la doctrina social de la Iglesia Católica
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 2009)
This article aims to set the way in which the Encyclical Caritas in Veritate follows the pattern of criticism of the modern economy which has resulted in encyclicals the three last centuries. This tradition also corresponds to the bishop’s document in Aparecida. A look that serves as the basis for assessing the nature of this criticism is one that draws attention both on the degree of autonomy of the economy with respect to moral “interference” that might come from outside the world of the economy as the autonomy of the Church vis a vis that world. With this in mind, we show how the recent Encyclical always puts the labour problem and the distribution of income in foreground, and also how all moral judgment requires determining responsibilities. After a clarification on the meaning of subsidiarity and of the public aspect of the practice of charity and of the Church, we try what the Pope considers an inappropriate division of labour between economic and political action in the process of conquering justice and in the exercise of “gratuituousness”. But justice and the free gift is not privilege of any State or private institution specialized in solidarity, and call to exercise both in all of them. In all fields of life and all the institutions, including the enterprise, the moral requirement is the same.
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The power, rigour and efectiveness of an idea: the case of the poor's legal informality
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 2008)
Few ideas and activities have received as hyperbolic praise as those presented by Hernando de Soto on informality. Nobel prizes in economics, presidents of various countries, important magazines, and multilateral organizations have endorsed this author’s impulse to the official registration of the poor’s property, particularly, their homes, as the key to launch a worldwide economic revolution from below. In this paper we present the institutional backing of those ideas, the analytic substance of the main arguments involved, the descriptive accuracy of the institutions operating in the Third World, and the results of their application. In this way, we evaluate the relation between the spread and power of an idea with its formal content, and its effectiveness to change the world of the poor.
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Back to heterodox questions: progress with regress through competition
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 1998)
Wealth and poverty, progress and regress are the type of realities usually related on moral grounds. Scientifically serious causal economic relations are not so easy to find. Moral criteria does not require scientific proof of causality. But this search for causal links is also important to reduce the impact of structural factors on human behavior. Probably most of the times in a specific social structure creation of wealth implies a reduction in poverty. It is one or the other. However, both can also be seen as independent, and should be analyzed as parts of different processes. In that sense, it would be a question of one and de other. Finally, it is also found that, under some circumstances, progress, accompanied with increasing wealth for some collectivities and individuals can be analytically related to regress, and many times increasing poverty for other groups and individuals. It is progress with regress; that is regress actively created by progress, not just by default. The models presented below add new members to the group of theories that have attempted an analysis of these twin features of the competitive process. In other words, how many are regressing and become poor because they are losers, and not because they have not played, are not or have not been in the game? All this is important to answer seriously to questions that are not being asked in spite of their obvious importance: How easy is to “make markets work for the poor”?, how convenient is to “improve markets”?, or to “extend markets”? Under what conditions it is better a market deepening? In what kinds of markets? Markets embedded in a complex set of components of the human dimension can accept a question different from: how to regulate the competition?
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Development and freedom in Sen and Gutiérrez: religious and secular common grounds
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 2002)
It is often supposed that those who base their view of the world upon perceived religious truth and those who do not will be unable to engage in deep and mutual conversation, for their basic assumptions are just too different. In this paper I compare the views of Amartya Sen and Gustavo Gutiérrez on development and human freedom, finding them to share a very great deal in attitude, in fundamental concern, and in intellectual method, even though the former describes himself as without religion, while the latter is profoundly theological. This comparison is of interest and importance both in its own right and as an example of the way the theologically –minded can meaningfully converse with those who are not; more than converse, establish a common project or program.
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Approximations to the moral responsability of the creditors
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas, Económicas, Políticas y Antropológicas - CISEPA, 2000)
The fastest massive increase in poverty in Latin American modern history is commonly attributed to the debt crisis. The 80s of this ending century have been called “the lost decade”. The Jubilee 2000 campaign presses for placing a strong moral exigency on the creditors and must lay a solid foundation for its request. The purpose of this paper is to unravel the different facets of that exigency. Why should the creditors assume responsibility for reducing Latin American poverty? After all, poverty in Latin America is ancient, and is the consequence of many factors aside from payment of the external debt or the “conditionality” imposed upon governments in indebted countries. Therefore, it is important to give the best possible response to the questions: Who are the creditors? What type of responsibility do the creditors have toward what is being called social debt? Once we try to work out a practical proposal the answer may not be so evident. In this paper, some concepts as freedom of agency, collective agents and actions, and positive duties among others are used to produce a moral case.
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