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Bacterial-Polymer-Based Electrolytes: Recent Progress and Applications
(American Chemical Society, 2020-12-28)
Bacteria can naturally synthesize a wide range of biopolymers that have appealing material properties for numerous applications. In the past decade, the development of green electronics based on bacterial polymers has gained major attention. Polymer electrolytes are key components in electrochemical devices owing to their mechanical properties, thermal stability, and ionic conductivity. The present review focuses on the recent progress of bacterial-polymer-based electrolytes and their applications in electrochemical energy conversion and storage. First, we described the ion transfer mechanism of polymer electrolytes and the multiple approaches for improving ionic conductivity and mechanical properties. Then, we summarized the composition, performance, and approaches applied for the development of multiple bacterial polymer electrolytes, namely, polysaccharides, polyanhydrides, and polyesters. Lastly, the practical applications of bacterial-polymer-based electrolytes in electrochemical energy storage and conversion, namely, fuel cells, batteries, supercapacitors, and other electrochemicals, are reviewed. Bacterial polymer electrolytes are presented as a fruitful, eco-friendly, and high-performance alternative for traditional solid polymer electrolytes.
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Bioactive membranes of polymeric micro and nanocomposites prepared with the natural anionic marine polysaccharide (Alginate) functionalized with extracts of cat’s claw (Uncaria tomentosa) and Aloe vera
(Trans Tech Publications Ltdttp@transtec.ch, 2020-01-01)
In this research, the nanostructured alginate (AL) membranes were prepared with natural bioactive compound, Cat's claw (Uncaria tomentosa) extract (UT). UT is broadly used as an anti-inflammatory agent and the effect on the treatment of Rheumatism was proved by many scientists. For this reason, we added this bioactive compound in the process of AL membrane formulation to improve the biological activities. 2-dimentional (2-D) and 3-dimentional (3-D) AL membranes were prepared with and without addition of UT extracts. 3-D AL membranes were prepared using ultrasound with high intensity. The wettability of AL membranes depending on the concentration of AL was studied by measuring contact angle and surface energy. Stabilization agent, poloxamer 407, was used to improve the stability of AL nanoemulsion. The effects of UT in 3-D AL membranes were studied by measuring swelling behavior and contact angle. The surface morphology was measured with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Comparing to 2-D AL membranes, 3-D AL membranes presented rougher surface due to AL nanoparticles presence. When UT was incorporated in AL membranes, strong antioxidant activity and higher contact angle and swelling ratio were observed than non-UT incorporated AL membranes.
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Environmental pollution with antifouling paint particles: distribution, ecotoxicology, and sustainable alternatives
(Elsevier, 2021-08-01)
Antifouling paint particles (APPs) are a type of paint particle loaded with toxic biocidal compounds. The present review focused on the current knowledge in respect of the abundance, distribution, and ecotoxicological effects of APPs in the marine environment. Also, the recent advances in nontoxic biobased antifouling paints were discussed as potential alternatives to contemporary marine coatings. The presence of APPs is mainly associated with boat maintenance in boatyards and port areas. Conventional microplastic assessments showed a significant contribution of paint particles to the morphological composition. Moreover, recent ecotoxicological studies demonstrated that environmental concentrations of APPs induce mortality (LC50) in sediment dwellers and macroinvertebrates. Novel biocides from natural sources and biopolymer binders in the formulation of antifouling paints are proposed as potential alternatives to conventional antifouling paints. The toxicity of most natural biocides is negligible to nontargeted species, while biopolymers are expected to prevent the formation of APPs.

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